初中英语完形填空解题方法与技巧

JJUN99

初中英语考试中的完形填空，是摆在很多初中孩子面前的一道难以跨越的坎。完形填空在整篇试卷中的地位，难度通常处于中等偏上，想拿高分或满分都不是那么容易的。但是，如果在答题步骤和方法下足功夫，常常可以起到事半功倍的效果，拿到自己满意的分数的机率还是很高的。
现在我们就来看看，完形填空正确的解题步骤和技巧。

解题步骤

【第一步】
要快速通读全文，了解文章大意，正确分析、归纳文章主旨。

【第二步】
在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。

【第三步】
再细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空缺。

【第四步】
答题完毕，遵循由整体到局部、由局部到整体的规律，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否合理。

解题技巧

【技巧1】前后照应　
利用上下文信息，选择或填写正确的词是完型填空解题时最常用的方法之一。
在做四选一的完型填空时，我们有时会发现每一个选项从语法角度来讲都可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。试看以下例题：
【例1】What do I remember about my childhood? There were good things and bad things. We used to live______ , and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.
A. in a town
B. on a farm
C. on a busy street
D. in a city
【解析】B 本段主要讲作者回忆儿童时代所居住的地点。从四个选项来看都是可能的，语法上都说得通。但通过下文my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.提示我们可以知道作者生活在农村，正确答案选B。
【例2】I always remember waking up to the smell of the breakfast my mother was cooking. What a wonderful smell! I used to _______ ,wash quickly and run downstairs. My breakfast would be waiting for me on the table.
A. leave the bed
B.lie in bed
C. jump out of bed
D. get up
【解析】C 本段讲每天早上妈妈煮的早餐发出诱人的香味，使得躺在床上的我立即起床。根据题干，A、C、D均和床有关联，但是按上下文情景的提示，此处还要表达作者的一种迫不及待的心情。因此只能选C。

【技巧2】情感态度：较难题
其中形容词，副词中分为三种情感：
(1) 正情感：happy ，amazing等
(2)零情感：fast ，slow ，surprising等
(3) 负情感：sad ，disappointed等
【例】Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed unsure of himself, and was so pale that it ____ us to look at him.
A. worried
B. surprised
C. taught
D. hurt
【解析】D 由上文的描述可知，他的脸色是如此苍白，以至于看着他会让人难受。故选择形容词hurt。

【技巧3】固定搭配
【例1】On the train, Tom was looking 1 for his ticket because the conductor was coming __2 to his ticket.
1.A. out
B. forward
C. anywhere
D. everywhere
2.A. down
B. up
C. in
D. on
【解析】第一空格指Tom在火车上到处找车票，因此选D。everywhere为最佳答案，anywhere常用于否定句和疑问句中。
第二空格意为列车员上前查票，走到某人面前come up to sb.为固定词组搭配，因此选B。
【例2】Whenever I’m __ __, I still look back at that yearbook.
A. away
B. out
C. behind
D. down
【解析】本文讲述了一位叫Ricky的学生的前后变化：从经常被大家嘲笑，没有自信到充满自信并被大家喜欢。此题为本文最后一题，想表明每当我遇到挫折时，总会想起那天的事情。be down，固定搭配，表示情绪低落的。

【技巧4】词义辨析
在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。
在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳，或者也可以推敲一些固定的词组搭配来进行选项。
在做首字母完型填空时，尤其应注意空格所缺单词的词性及词组搭配。
【例】A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings. Do you _________what he means?
A.think
B. guess
C. know
D. understand
【解析】C 本段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着。本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗。

【技巧5】中心主旨
文章中最后一句通常为积极的态度或观点。
【例1】I had wanted to become president of Student Council to make a difference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeff’s team. He became the most popular candidate and I was a large part of his . The fact that it has made a difference in other people’s lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!
A. luck
B. spirit
C. life
D. success
【解析】 D 本文讲到在参加学生会主席竞选初选落选后，“我”受邀参加了曾经是对手的Jeff的竞选团队，并在其中发挥了很大的作用，帮助Jeff竞选成功，也得到了启发：不管是在什么位置上，只要自己发挥了作用，这就是真正的奖励，并会给自己带来美好的感受。本题说我也是他成功中的一部分，所以选择success。
【例2】I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my ____ couldn’t. So every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card.
A. teachers
B. mother
C. father
D. friends
【解析】本文讲述，“我”出生没多久父亲就去世了，是姨妈Mrion一直充当着父亲的角色，带“我”成长，所以在过去的40年里，“我”每天都要送父亲节贺卡给她，以表达“我”不断加深的感激之情。故本题选C。

【技巧6】简单逻辑
分为因果，并列，转折，否定。
【例1】For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn’t and still don’t think of herself. ___ she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesn’t think that her efforts have made much…
A. Unless
B. Although
C. Since
D. Before
【解析】A 句意：如果不强迫她来到前面，在找全家福时她会站在后面。unless除非，如果不。although虽然，尽管。since自从，既然;berore 在…之前。
【例2】No one could walk through any hallway passing Jeff’s smiling face.
A. for
B. from
C. with
D. without
【解析】D 最能凸显出 poster 效果的介词是without 否定介词与前面的no 相呼应，双重否定表肯定。

【技巧7】情景还原
【例】The most amazing thing was that she taught me to read my . I remember that I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every' word that I said.
A. eye
B. face
C. heart
D. mouth
【解析】 D 情景还原 由后文的I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every' word that I said.可知，一定是用嘴 mouth 去said。故选择mouth.